Nanotechnology & Material Sciences

Nanotechnology is the branch of technology that deals with dimensions and tolerances of less than 100 nanometers, especially the manipulation of individual atoms and molecules. Applications are wide and varied, including energy production and storage, drug delivery, materials science, and many others.

The field of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology as an area within Materials Science spans the discovery, fabrication, characterization, modeling and end-use of  nanoscale materials

The properties of some nanomaterials make them ideal for improving early diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases or cancer. They are able to attack cancer cells selectively without harming other healthy cells. Some nanoparticles have also been used to enhance pharmaceutical products such as sunscreen

Nanobiotechnology is a new field of science that introduces special physiochemical and biological properties of nanostructures and their applications in various areas such as medicine and agriculture. Metal nanoparticles have been found to be dominant compounds affecting fungal diseases both in humans and plants

Nanotechnology is universally recognized as one of the most important scientific fields of the twenty‐first century. Biomedical applications of this technology offer great promise in finding new approaches to repairing damaged tissues and curing disease. Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology will address key topics from the perspectives of medicine, biology, physics, chemistry, and engineering, and serve as an encyclopedic reference for Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology research.

Nanotechnology is helping to considerably improve, even revolutionize, many technology and industry sectors: information technology, homeland security, medicine, transportation, energy, food safety, and environmental science, among many others. Described below is a sampling of the rapidly growing list of benefits and applications of nanotechnology.

A few Examples of current nanotechnology include the following.

• Food security
• Medicine 
• Energy 
• Automotive
• Renvironment
• Electronics
• Textiles
• Cosmotics

Nanobiotechnology is a new field of science that introduces special physiochemical and biological properties of nanostructures and their applications in various areas such as medicine and agriculture. Metal nanoparticles have been found to be dominant compounds affecting fungal diseases both in humans and plants

Nanotechnology is universally recognized as one of the most important scientific fields of the twenty‐first century. Biomedical applications of this technology offer great promise in finding new approaches to repairing damaged tissues and curing disease. Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology will address key topics from the perspectives of medicine, biology, physics, chemistry, and engineering, and serve as an encyclopedic reference for Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology research

Nanoengineering is the practice of engineering on the nanoscale. It derives its name from the nanometre, a unit of measurement equalling one billionth of a meter. Nanoengineering is largely a synonym for nanotechnology, but emphasizes the engineering rather than the pure science aspects of the field

Nano-engineering materials make superior household products such as degreasers and stain removers;environmental sensors, air purifiers, and filters; antibacterial cleansers; and specialized paints and sealing products, such a self-cleaning house paints that resist dirt and marks

Nanoscience and nanotechnology are the study and application of extremely small things and can be used across all the other science fields, such as chemistry, biology, physics, materials science, and engineering.

Nanoscience combines science, engineering, and technology to study matter and processes at the nanoscale.

Nanoscience is the study of structures and materials on an ultra-small scale. A nanometre is one billionth of a metre. The physical and chemical properties of matter change at the nano level. Nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionise a diverse range of fields, from health care to manufacturing

Molecular nanotechnology involves the ability to manufacture objects to precise atomic specifications. A central postulate is that any structure that can be specified and that does not violate physical law can be built

The principle of  molecular  nanotechnology is based upon Richard Feynman’s vision of nanoscale factories using complex machines to build products. It deals with engineering nanoscale machines that operate on the molecular scale distinct from other areas of nanotechnology, such as nanoscale materials

Nanochemistry is an emerging new field of chemistry, in particular of solid-state chemistry, which emphasizes the study and development of preparation methods of useful materials with nanometer-size dimensions (1–100 nm), as defined by Geoffry Ozin, a pioneer in the field.

Nanochemistry is associated with synthesis of building blocks which are dependent on size, surface, shape and defect properties. Nanochemistry is being used in chemical, materials and physical, science as well as engineering, biological and medical applications

Nanoparticles behave differently than other similarly sized particles. It is therefore necessary to develop specialized approaches to testing and monitoring their effects on human health and on the environment. While nanomaterials and nanotechnologies are expected to yield numerous health and health care advances, such as more targeted methods of delivering drugs, new cancer therapies, and methods of early detection of diseases, they also may have unwanted effects.

• Good Nano Guide
• Labeling of storage containers of nanomaterials with both the chemical contents and the nanostructure form
• Dispose of contaminated cleaning materials as segregated nanomaterial waste

The multidisciplinary field of  Nanotoxicology focuses on determining the extent to which nanomaterials (materials with at least one dimension <100 nm) pose a hazard to human health and the environment. The small size, large surface area-to-volume ratio, and quantum size effects of nanoscale materials may lead to biological effects that differ from those induced by their larger counterparts.

• Cell-particle interactions
• Medical toxicology
• Regulation and risk management
• Immunotoxicity
• Method of toxicology studies

The development of the smart drug delivery system (SDDS) is a revolution of nanotechnology in the pharmaceutical and medical fields. Nanomaterials through their enhanced target specificity, biodistribution, and plasma retention have overcome the therapeutic adverse effects of the conventional drug delivery system

Nanoelectronics is refers to the use of Nanotechnology in electronic components. These components are often only a few Nano meter in size. Nano electronics helps the study of the synthesis and characterization of materials of Nano scale size..

Nano photonics studies the behaviour of light on nano meter scales as well as interactions of nano meter sized objects with lights.

• Semiconductor Devices
• Spintronics
• Nanotechnology in physics
• Nano scanning probe and microscopy
• Amplifiers and Isolator
• Electro-optic Modulators

The field of drug nanotechnology gives a bits of knowledge into the investigation of combination, characterization and analytic utilization of materials at the nanoscale. The specific enthusiasm inside the field is amalgamation, characterization, natural assessment, clinical testing and toxicological appraisal of nanomaterials as medications for different diseases. Nanotechnology is the science which manages the cycles that happen at atomic level and of nanolength scale size. The significant examinations in the nanotechnology incorporate nanosized particles, their capacity and conduct as for different frameworks. The enormous capacities of nanoparticles have changed the viewpoint and extent of nanotechnology towards advancement into an adjuvant field for the rest of the fields of life sciences.

• Synthesis of Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery
• Drug Targeting
• Drug Delivery Research
• Novel Drug Delivery Systems
• Challenges and advances in Nano Pharmaceuticals
• Nanopharmaceuticals from the bench to Scale up
• Future aspects of Nano Pharmaceuticals

Advanced nanomaterials are found useful in numerous applications. The study on advanced materials offers clear pathways for their synthesis and utilization of their unique properties. In this regard, this chapter provides an overview of diverse protocols for synthesizing advanced materials with exceptional propertie.

Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology includes the design, synthesis and processing of nanostructured materials including thin-film zeolites, carbon nanotubes, and nanowires/nanotubes of metals and semiconductors.

The association of nanoparticles in a thin film shape is routinely essential to render these utilitarian and operational. Two basic engineered techniques, one is high-temperature warm breaking down and second is liquid interface reaction, sensible for arranging motion pictures of various metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. Besides, the utilization of a high-essentialness ball handling and begin plasma sintering process for the game plan and planning of nanocomposite powders into mass magnets are also featured.

• Engineering applications of materials
• Regulation On Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products/ Tissue Engineering
• Energy Storage and Novel Generation
• Applications of Nano materials and Devices
• Microscopy and Spectroscopic Methods of Measurement at the Nanoscale
• Nanomaterials manufacturing technologies
• Size Dependence of Properties
• Nano Particles
• Characterization and Optical Properties of Silver Nanostructures
• Applications of Nano materials and Devices
• Size Dependence of Properties

Nano Medicine is a use of nanotechnology. Nano medication ranges from the restorative utilizations of Nano Materials and Nano Electronic biosensors, and significantly more conceivable future uses of sub-atomic nanotechnology, for example, organic machines, Nano biotechnology is a rising field that is conceivably changing the way we treat ailments through medication conveyance and tissue designing. Critical difficulties stay in pushing this field into clinically practical treatments. For medication conveyance, the outline and testing of novel strategies for controlling the communication of Nano materials with the body is a portion of the present obstructions to making an interpretation of these advancements to treatment.

• Some natural polymers in nanodrug delivery
• Polymer–drug conjugates
• Multifunctional drug carriers
• Liposomes
• Macroemulsions

Nano batteries are fabricated batteries employing technology at the Nano scale, a scale of microscopic particles that amount less than 100 nanometres or 10−7 meters.

These batteries may be nano in size or may use nanotechnology in a macro scale battery. Nanoscale batteries can be combined to function as a macrobattery such as within a nanopore battery.In contrast, out-dated Li-Ion technology uses active materials, such as cobalt-oxide, with atoms or particles that range in size between 5 and 20 micrometres (5000 and 20000 nanometres - over 100 times Nano scale). It is hoped that Nano-engineering will improve many of the inadequacies of present battery technology, such as recharging time and battery 'memory'. Several companies are exploring and emerging these technologies